Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack: What’s the Difference

Many people use the terms “cardiac arrest” and “heart attack” interchangeably, but they are not the same. Both conditions are serious medical emergencies involving the heart, yet they differ significantly in their causes, symptoms, and treatment. Understanding these differences can make all the difference in recognizing the signs early, taking prompt action, and potentially saving lives. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, a caregiver, or simply someone concerned about heart health, knowing what separates a cardiac arrest from a heart attack is crucial.

What Is a Heart Attack?

A heart attack, medically known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart is significantly reduced or completely blocked. This blockage is often caused by a buildup of plaque—a mix of fat, cholesterol, and other substances—in the coronary arteries. When the heart muscle is starved of oxygen, the affected tissue begins to die. The damage caused by a heart attack can be minor or severe, depending on how long the heart lacks oxygen.